Ur

Ur}}, }}, or }},) and Urim₅ = ŠEŠ.AB (), where ŠEŠ=URI₃ ([http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/cgi-bin/etcsl.cgi?searchword=l=urim2%20t=SN&charenc=gcirc ''The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature''].)|group=note}} romanized: ; |translit=Uru}}; ; .}} ( or ) was a major Sumerian city-state in ancient Mesopotamia, located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar () in Dhi Qar Governorate, southern Iraq. Although Ur was a coastal city near the mouth of the Euphrates on the Persian Gulf, the coastline has shifted and the site is now well inland, on the south bank of the Euphrates, southwest of Nasiriyah in modern-day Iraq. The city dates from the Ubaid period , and is recorded in written history as a city-state from the 26th century BC, its first recorded king being Mesannepada.

The city's patron deity was the moon god Nanna (Sin in Akkadian), and the name of the city is derived from UNUG^KI, literally "the abode (of Nanna)". The site is marked by the partially restored ruins of the Ziggurat of Ur, which contained the shrine of Nanna, excavated in the 1930s. The temple was built in the 21st century BC (short chronology), during the reign of Ur-Nammu and was reconstructed in the 6th century BC by Nabonidus, the last king of Babylon.

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